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Useful Concepts | ![]() |
This section contains the basic IUPAC rules for nomenclature and a table of functional groups in priority order, with examples.
Naming branched chain alkanes (the IUPAC way....)
Here is a list of the root names for the hydrocarbon chains of C1 to C12 and a few other biologically important chains:
Here is a list of important functional
groups arranged in decreasing
priority order. All the structures can be manipulated using CHIME.
Group |
|
|
|
|
|
Cations | -ammonium -phosphoium -sulphonium |
ammonio- phosphonio- sulphonio- |
Trimethylammonium | ||
Carboxylic Acids | -oic acid | carboxy- | Propanoic acid | ||
Acid Anhydrides | -oic anhydride |
|
Ethanoic anhydride | ||
Esters | alkyl -oate | alkoxycarbonyl- carbalkoxy- |
Methyl propanoate | ||
Acyl Halides | -oyl halide | haloalkanoyl- | Propanoyl chloride | ||
Amides | -amide | carbamoyl- | Ethanamide | ||
Nitriles | -nitrile -onitrile |
cyano- | Propionitrile | ||
Aldehydes | -al | alkanoyl- | Propanal | ||
Ketones | -one | -oxo- | Propanone | ||
Alcohols | -ol | hydroxy- | Propanol | ||
Thiols | -thiol | mercapto- | Propanethiol | ||
Amines | -amine | amino- aza- |
Propylamine | ||
Ethers | - ether | -oxa- alkoxy- |
Dimethyl ether | ||
Sulphides | - sulphide | -alkylthio thia |
Dimethyl sulphide | ||
Alkenes | -ene | alkenyl- | Propene | ||
Alkynes | -yne | alkynyl- | Propyne | ||
Halides | -halide | halo- | Bromopropane
Propyl bromide |
||
Nitro |
|
nitro- | Nitropropane | ||
Alkanes | -ane | alkyl | Propane |
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© Dr. Ian Hunt, Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary | ![]() |
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